The Irish Transport and General Workers Union (ITGWU) was a trade union representing workers, initially mainly labourers, in Ireland. History Part of a series on Organized labor Movement Rights Trade unions Strike action Parties Academic disciplines icon Organized Labor portal vte The union was founded by James Larkin and James Fearon in January 1909 as a general union.[1][2] Initially drawing its membership from branches of the Liverpool-based National Union of Dock Labourers, from which Larkin had been expelled, it grew to include workers in a range of industries. The ITGWU logo was the Red Hand of Ulster, which is synonymous with ancient Gaelic Ulster. The ITGWU was at the centre of the syndicalist-inspired Dublin Lockout in 1913, the events of which left a lasting impression on the union and hence on the Irish Labour Movement. After Larkin's departure for the United States in 1914 in the wake of the Lockout, James Connolly led the ITGWU until his execution in 1916 in the wake of the Easter Rising. In turn, William O'Brien became the union's leading figure, and ultimately served as general secretary for many years. Throughout World War I, the ITGWU consistently opposed Irish belligerence, and staunchly supported the advanced nationalist cause. In fact, ITGWU members, in the uniform of the Irish Citizen Army, played a leading role in the Easter Rising, while the Transport Union led a national strike that crippled an attempt to introduce conscription to Ireland in 1918.[3] In 1923, Larkin formed a new union, the Workers' Union of Ireland, to which many of the ITGWU's Dublin members affiliated.[4] The ITGWU nevertheless remained the dominant force in Irish trade unionism, especially outside the capital. William O'Brien and James Larkin remained bitter personal enemies, and when Larkin and his supporters were readmitted into the Labour Party in the early 1940s, O'Brien engineered a split in the party, with the new National Labour Party claiming that the main party had been infiltrated by communists. A further split occurred in the Irish Trades Union Congress when that body accepted the WUI's membership in 1945. The ITGWU left the Congress and established the rival Congress of Irish Unions. From the 1950s on proposals to merge the two unions were floated. Finally, in 1990, the ITGWU merged with the Workers' Union of Ireland to form SIPTU (Services, Industrial, Professional and Technical Union).[5] The ITGWU should not be confused with the British-based Transport and General Workers Union, which organised in Ireland under the name Amalgamated Transport and General Workers Union (ATGWU) and is now Unite the Union. Mergers The union absorbed numerous smaller trade unions:[6] 1914: Dublin Coal Factors' Association 1915: Kilkenny Brewery Labourers' Trade Union 1917: Irish Glass Bottle Makers' Society, Rathmines and District Workers' Union 1918: Stonecutters' Union of Ireland (split 1925)[7] 1919: Brewery Workers' Association (Cork), Carpet Planners of the City of Dublin, Dublin Saddlers and Harness Makers' Trade Society, Irish Land and Labour Association, Irish National Agricultural and General Workers' Union, Mullingar Trade and Labour Union, Queenstown and District Government Labourers' Union 1920: United Building Labourers and General Workers of Dublin Trade Union 1921: Amalgamated Society of Pork Butchers (Limerick and Waterford) 1922: Meath Labour Union 1923: Irish Automobile Drivers' Society 1925: Irish Mental Hospital Workers' Union 1938: Dublin Coal Factors' Association, Dublin United Tramway and Omnibus Inspectors' Association 1941: Limerick Corporation Employees' Union 1943: Tipperary Workingmen's Protective and Benefit Society 1950: Cumann Teicneori Innealoireachta 1953: Clothing Workers' Union (Derry) 1976: National Union of Gold, Silver and Allied Trades (Irish branches) 1977: Irish Shoe and Leather Workers' Union 1979: Irish Actors' Equity Association 1981: Irish Racecourse Bookmakers' Assistants' Association 1982: Irish Federation of Musicians and Associated Professionals (later split) Leadership General Secretaries 1909: James Larkin 1924: William O'Brien 1946: Tom Kennedy 1948: Frank Purcell 1959: Fintan Kennedy 1969: Michael Mullen 1983: Christy Kirwan General presidents 1909: Thomas Foran 1939: Tom Kennedy 1946: William McMullen 1953: John Conroy 1969: Fintan Kennedy 1981: John Carroll Vice-Presidents 1924: Tom Kennedy 1940: William McMullen 1947: John Conroy 1953: Edward Browne 1969: John Carroll 1981: Tom O'Brien 1982: Christy Kirwan 1983: Edmund Browne References History of Trade Unions, Irish Labour History Society. Retrieved 1 June 2013. Irish Transport and General Workers' Union papers, National Library of Ireland. Retrieved 1 June 2013. Phelan, Mark, 'World War I and the Legacy of the Dublin Lockout, 1914–1916', in Éire-Ireland (Winter, 2016) Irish Transport and General Workers' Union papers, National Library of Ireland. Retrieved 1 June 2013. SIPTU about page. Archived 22 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 June 2013. Arthur Marsh and John B. Smethurst, Historical Directory of Trade Unions, vol.5, pp.465–467 Devine, Francis; Smethurst, John B. (2017). Historical Directory of Trade Unions in Ireland (PDF). Dublin: Irish Labour History Society & Working Class Movement Library. Retrieved 23 January 2025.